Banks Financial Analysis

There are a variety of factors that determine the strength of the US economy, including government spending and imports compared to exports and currency values ​​levels. However, the biggest factor in determining the health of the economy in consumer spending, as is the case in most developed countries.

According to statistics released by the Federal Reserve (Fed) and expenditures of US consumers account for more than two-thirds of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), the measure used to determine the growth in the economy. While the role of the consumer has not always played such a dominant role boost the economy, it was usually responsible for 60 percent or more of the economic activity dating back to the era after World War II.

It is worth noting that consumers have played a more prominent role in recent decades. According to the US Bureau of Economic Analysis, half a century ago, in 1966, consumer spending accounted for 59% of GDP. By 1991, the proportion had risen to 64 percent. Today, consumer spending represents 68.1 percent of GDP, was in a similar group since 08.

What is the role of consumers?

Economists and market analysts often keep a close eye on trends in consumer activity. If strong consumer spending, it could be an indication that most Americans have a high level of confidence in the direction of the economy. The total amount of consumer spending is not the only measure of people keep an eye on. Types of expenses can help determine the extent of high consumer confidence may be at any given time. For example, if the sales of luxury goods (expensive cars, jewelry) backward and people put more money into necessities such as food, shelter and clothing, it may not reflect the strong confidence about the expectations of consumers.

data on spending plays an important role in how companies and government agencies are planning for the future. If consumers show a high level of confidence, they are more likely to increase spending, as well as to try to take advantage of the opportunity to increase sales of companies. By contrast, if consumers are cautious about spending and companies may invest less and government policy makers have, in some cases, that has been chosen to provide incentives through tax cuts or spending increases to help give the economy a boost.

consumer spending trends also have a significant impact on monetary policy, which is directed by the Fed. If consumer spending lagging behind, can not the Fed decides to cut interest rates and take other steps to help start home and business spending. If consumers are spending too much too quickly, it may indicate that inflation could become a threat. The Federal Reserve may take steps, such as raising interest rates, in an effort to curb economic growth.

what can we expect?

is difficult to predict what the future will hold for the markets and the economy. One thing is certain - and economists and financial analysts are likely to watch consumer spending trends continue to measure where the economy is heading.

Introduction

policy director

embodied in Republic Act No. 8479, otherwise known as "liberalization of the oil industry law manufacturing in 1998, "is a state that deregulates the oil industry to" promote truly competitive market that can bring the best social policy of the prices of the objectives of fair and adequate, continuous supply of environmentally products Switch CLEAN and high-quality oil policy "(Conference 1998).

with the lifting of the restrictions, the government will allow competition in the market. This means the government does not intervene in the pricing and export and import of petroleum products, and even the establishment of retail outlets, warehouses and storage facilities receiving the ocean, and refineries.

It has been a decade since the House proposal would ensure that the liberation of the Philippines from the weakness of the oil price shocks due to heavily dependent on imported oil. But it is now increasingly clear that many claim to cancel six out of ten Filipinos prefer to cancel the RA 8479 Act (Sumusara 08).

policy as a process

when President Fidel Ramos began his administration in 1992, said his country has already begun to suffer from the effects of a lack of power supply, with the main areas already suffering from power outages. The power crisis caused a slowdown in the national economy for nearly three years and urged the government to embark on major reforms for the rehabilitation of the energy sector (Viray 1998, p.461-0). In response to the crisis of power supply, and the revival of Ramos plans to liberalize the oil industry, which cut short under the Aquino administration because of the Gulf crisis.

government's efforts in activating also intensify in 1995 to cancel the oil law restrictions when he started a fund to stabilize oil prices (OPSF) threaten the financial stability of the economy. Thus seen deregulation as a solution to the recurring deficit.

OPSF deficit problem was in the section on political nature largely to oil prices, which has encouraged the government to postpone the price increases as much as possible to avoid public protests even incur a financial account deficit. However, government mismanagement of the Fund and included also be used for purposes other than oil, such as funding for other government projects or public sector deficit when he was in surplus (Pilapil 1996, P.12).

At the peak of the strong lobbying efforts to lift the restrictions by the oil companies and despite the noisy opposition from armed groups, it has freed the industry will end up in 1996 with the enactment of RA 8180 Act (downstream lift the oil industry restrictions Act of 1996 ) in Congress.

However, the Supreme Court declared in 1997 declared unconstitutional RA Resolution 8180. Court stems from the three provisions in the law that were considered to prevent free competition and, therefore, violated the state anti-monopoly of the 1987 Constitution (Supreme Court 1997). But Congress administration quickly re-filed the project raise oil Limitations Act which led to the new law, raising the oil restrictions. RA 8479 and then enacted to pave the way for lifting the full restrictions of the oil industry. Since then, the government no longer controls the industry. What can be done is to monitor only.

Applicable models

policy, which describes the political process model is the vig and Kraft Form 1984 where the stages of a policy of / phases of five elements: 1) setting the agenda 0.2) policy formulation 0.3) adopt a policy 0.4) policy implementation, and 5) monitoring policies.

On the other hand, the model that best describes the optical mixed policy approach because the Ramos administration resorted to rational planning and process incrementalized to edit Aquino government's plan.

second. This policy in the context of system approach

environmental policy

policies that have been identified include the properties of Ramos management system environment, economic and social structure in 190, the international financial and influence the prevailing politics of the country's economy.

and stakeholders policy

also identified the stakeholders in this policy is the Filipino people, the president, lawmakers and the Supreme Court, the Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, NEDA, and oil companies, non-governmental groups / advocacy and media.

interrelationships between the environment, policies and stakeholders

Despite coming strong opposition directly from ordinary people, and groups of transport, non-governmental organizations, still pushed up oil restrictions policy across. It has developed it and put under President Ramos, who, in the main program has a system called the Philippines in 00, conceived to make the country globally competitive through follow trends deregulation, market liberalization, and privatization. And then exposed to the media the fact that the biggest factors that influenced the formulation of policy was seen to bankruptcy eventually stabilize oil prices Fund, established originally by President Ferdinand Marcos for the purpose of minimizing the frequent price changes resulting from exchange adjustments and / or an increase in the global market for crude oil and petroleum products imported prices.

, the influence of the International Monetary Fund, the Ramos administration argued that there is a need to edit the industry because under a regulated environment, prices are not allowed to rise and fall with market levels . This means that when the price rose, the government was to shell out money to support the difference between the old and the new price.

According to the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), the government chose not to edit, OPSF commitment has ballooned to at least P8.3 billion in 1998 and P8.3 billion to build the equivalent of more than 4,500 kilometers of roads local, 51,000 deep wells of drinking water 0.25000 school houses, or rice for free for 20% of the poorest Filipinos (Bernales 1998)

Supreme Court ruled in 1998 in favor of the constitutionality of lifting the oil industry restrictions manufacturing Law in 1998. since then, it has been the policy of the subsequent liberalization of the industry departments. The Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, DENR, Douste agencies are assigned to serve as the monitoring arm of the government.

is a group on policy?

The answer is obviously "no." IBON Foundation said that the lifting of the oil restrictions and further strengthen the monopoly of the big oil companies law also allows for automatic rising oil prices. As a result, other oil companies have taken advantage of this policy, hiking gasoline prices of all petroleum products by about 535% since the introduction of the oil lifting restrictions for the first time the law in April 1996 (Bicol day 07). The policy is also not able to solve or at least mitigate the effects of the global oil crisis.

III. Thinking Out Loud

a repetition of the process

problem definition A.1 / restructuring

has been recognized that the problem with oil is not over yet as a policy to lift restrictions failed to achieve its goal to promote market really competitive, and affordable oil. The current president admits herself, Gloria Arroyo, and the fact that the oil crisis threatens to erode the very fiber of Philippine society.

Contrary to what happened in 1998, it seems that the current crisis to be more irreparable such as the United States faces what many economists described as the worst economic crisis in its history, triggering a jump can not be stopped from oil prices and food prices all over the world . As already mentioned, the oil crisis is a global problem and needs to be not only at the national level oriented, but at the international level as well.

But why is the oil crisis of global crisis? Is it really beyond the control of the government?

Philippines, like many other countries, buys oil in the spot market. By "spot" is meant, that one buys oil on the market by only 24 to 48 hours one takes physical (spot) delivery, instead of buying it 12 months or more in advance. In fact, the inclusion of the spot market broker in the course of the oil patch income.

today, it is largely set oil prices in the second Futures Markets: International Exchange and the London-based Petroleum (IPE) and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). Here, traders or investors to buy or sell certain commodities such as oil at a certain date in the future at a specified price. Basically, traders invest in the futures market by buying futures contracts called "paper oil" or simply a paper claim against oil. The real purpose of the purchase of oil is not to wait for the actual physical delivery of oil in the future, but to sell the oil card to another dealer at a higher price. This is how investors involved in speculation on a large scale. It became viscous cycle. Almost all countries, including the Philippines, to buy oil on the spot market, where the price is already at its peak.

In 00, a study, a review of intelligence Executive (EIR) that for every 570 "barrels of oil card" -mn is the futures contracts that cover 570 traded every year a barrel, there was only the underlying physical barrel one of oil. Oil paper 570 to withdraw the price of a barrel of oil behind, and the manipulation of the price of oil. If speculators are betting a long time ago that the price will rise-Mount bets pulls up the basic price (Valdes 05).

This refutes the common assumption that only high oil prices has something to do with "the law of supply and demand." In fact, up to 60% of today's price of crude oil is pure speculation driven by large trader banks and hedge funds. It has to do with the convenient myths of peak oil nothing. It has to do with control of oil and its price (Engdahl, 08).

, cited IBON Foundation in the last statement, a study conducted by the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee of Investigations, which revealed that 30 percent or more of the prevailing cost of crude oil is driven only by speculation. IBON also cited speculation that adds about $ 35 for a barrel of crude oil (Martinez, 08).

A.2 alternative development

in the face of high oil prices is alarming that threatens the survival of the ordinary Filipino people, and a number of stakeholders calling for alternative solutions: 1) modifying the oil reorganization and 2 Act) scrap / repeal the law, 3) removing the 12% value-added tax on oil, and 4) the search for alternative sources of energy, and 5) to participate in the oil deal from country to country.

A.3 Analysis of Options

1. Amendment deregulation law

and the crowd continued to hurt from the high oil prices, many policymakers calls to reconsider the lifting of restrictions downstream Law in 1998. oil industry and one of them, is Ilocos sur Rep. Eric Singson, who has sought many of the amendments in the Act to ensure transparency in the pricing of petroleum products and to encourage more competition in the retail sector, which has been under the influence of the giant oil companies. He pointed out the need to amend articles 14 and 15 of RA 8479 to strengthen the powers of the Department of Energy (DOE) so it can effectively carry out its mandate to inform and protect the public from illegal practices in the oil industry more financial assistance for the establishment and operation of petrol stations and the provision, which encourages on investment and fair competition (Malacanang 05).

2. scrap / Uninstall raise oil Limitations Act

For many, the amendment of the law is not enough to correct the enormous rise in oil prices and products that rely on oil. Request the cancellation, instead. Lawmaker from the House of Representatives, Cagayan de Oro City Rep. Rufus Rodriguez introduced House Bill 4262, which aims at the abolition of Republic Act No. 8479, arguing that instead of strengthening the competitive market, and the law only strengthened the oil cartel in the country and bring oil prices to rise. The bill also seeks to re-establish a fund to stabilize the oil prices. Has pointed out that the oil companies are still prevailing dictate price because players until the new oil industry to get their supplies from the Giants (Cesante 08).

marches and strikes by armed groups and other non-governmental organizations had organized across the country in opposition to the policy of deregulation. Kilusang May Uno (KMU), one of the disputed prominent in the country, labor groups, cartels that still exists in light of the lifting of restrictions. In its recent statement, KMU articulated that with oil prices pegged to Dubai recently at $ 97 per barrel (as of September 3RD week), the domestic price of diesel at P49 / liter. While when Dubai crude was at $ 97 / liter in the November 6, 07, the sale of diesel in the Philippines only in less P37.95 / liter, or P11.05 / liter from the current rates (GMANews.TV 08).

3. Remove the 12% value-added tax on oil

said Sen. March Roxas that the government must heed calls for the removal of VAT 12% (VAT) on petroleum products and oil with continued price to rise despite the drop in oil prices in the global market. May Roxas Senate introduced Bill No. 1962. However, in her eighth State of the title of the nation (SUNA), President Arroyo, said it would be the poor who will suffer the most from the removal of VAT on oil and electricity as this it will mean losing P80 billion in programs funded by the tax reform her (Arroyo, 08).

4. alternative sources of energy.

While many have engaged themselves in a running debate for a long time about modifying compared to repeal the law, and a number of stakeholders say that the Philippine government should, instead, focus on alternative sources of energy to correct the heavy reliance on imported oil. The hyped Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri, who is now considered the "father of the Philippine Bill of biofuels," Biofuels miracle product that can lower oil prices. But more and more scientists are concerned that the focus on biofuels could threaten food production.

Philippine LaRouche Society, a research organization emerging increasingly in the country, says that biofuel call is a lost cause as they compete with food production for human consumption. The organization calls, instead, for the revival of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) as soon as possible to provide the population of cheap, reliable, continuous power later on people from dependence on oil. Organize further explains that since that would require a huge financial requirements, the Philippine government and therefore must declare a moratorium on foreign debt payments because many of them are cumbersome and simply the product of "bankers Account" (Billington 05).

5. The oil agreement country to country

Philippine LaRouche Society has long been a proposal to the government to take immediate steps to conclude bilateral contracts agreements with oil-producing countries no less than the government 12 months from the scheduled delivery of affordable, fixed. The government can also conclude a commodity swap agreements with oil-producing countries.

as a member of the United Nations and other intergovernmental associations such as APEC and the World Trade Organization and the Philippine government to join the growing call for worldwide oil trade fair and impartial oil delisting traded in the futures market contracts as a commodity.

A.4 take the best decision and the most feasible option

and must be known to all the Filipino people that the liberation of oil, politics, and failed to promote a competitive market really about fair prices and adequate, continuous petroleum products supply quality of the environment clean and high. The proposed solution # 2 (scrap / Uninstall raise oil Limitations Act) and therefore is the best option. But the abolition of the law of liberation from the constraints are not the answer in the end to rising oil prices. Even if the abolition of the law, the Philippines will continue to be exposed to the same factors for the rise in oil prices in the global market.

proposed solution # 5 (country agreement to the oil country) could address the issue of the oil crisis at the international level. What about efforts to resolve the crisis at the national level?

The Philippine government must revive the Bataan nuclear power plant to supply the population of cheap, reliable, continuous power later people from dependence on oil. He also suggested the government should be direct enough funds, rather than debt service, about the revival and modernization of BNPP. Remove the entire value-added tax E, and not just on oil, must also be taken into account to alleviate the pain of the Filipino people. Before the ban, the government has not to extract a pound of flesh from every Filipino be a way to finance their programs.

Why B apparently is not built Options "best"? The peculiarities of the Philippine System Policy

from the standpoint of the current administration, and amending RA 8479 seems to be difficult to adopt for the reorganization of the oil industry will mean support for oil prices, what it's like OPSF. For many, this does not work in an era of high oil prices because of the inherent government resources. This is where the debt moratorium in effective financial strategy comes. But stop, a lot of skeptics, it is unwise because they are afraid of retaliation or extortion of multinational creditors. Our leaders must learn how to then challenged President Nestor Kirchner of Argentina predatory financial institutions, the lack of confirmation that "there is life after the International Monetary Fund."

On the other hand, many leaders see country agreement to impossible oil state to implement such oil giants have an impact remains strong on the policy-making process in the country. Of the oil companies, it will be a big loss if the government will assert its power to find a bilateral agreement with any of the country's oil-producing. Also, many of the leaders of the Philippines as a small country have no voice in the international assembly. But it is a matter of having a "big balls", to put it in figurative language. After all, they are the leaders and commissioned by the Constitution to protect and promote the general welfare.

Another advantage of the system is the policy of the Philippines negative attitudes towards nuclear power. BNPP has been stigmatized as an environmental threat and as being associated with "corruption." The fact of the matter is, the technology has already been developed and updated. The Philippine government has spent $ 2.3 billion to build the BNPP without generating kilowatts of electricity. The time has come to rethink the old strategy in the end to liberate the country from dependence on imported oil.

It is worth mentioning that the International Atomic Energy Agency to inspect the power plant in Bataan early this year, and said that this could be rehabilitated, in full compliance with high international standards of environmental safety, in at least five years in the cost of 800 million $ (Burgonio 08). The Philippine LaRouche Society emphasizes the importance of the Declaration postpone repayment of debt and financial strategy to start rehabilitation. The organization says that the Philippines debt service of more than $ 10 billion annually, which is more than enough to start full operation of the BNPP (PLS 08).

fourth. Integration and recommendations: better public system policy

recognizing that the oil crisis is a global oil crisis, which affects the lives of all inhabitants of our planet, we must, therefore, the leadership in the Philippines to immediately take the following steps: 1945002 ]

a) to the immediate abolition of the law raise oil restrictions on the government to assert its sovereign authority in control of the oil industry and the economy as a whole.

b) proposal of any summit or the International Association of Oil, being a commodity, are critical to the continuation of human life, to write-off the inclusion traded in the futures market as a commodity, and thus escape from the clutches of unscrupulous people and financial institutions speculation.

C) to start immediate steps to conclude a bilateral contract agreements with oil-producing countries of the government's delivery schedule of not less than 12 months, affordable, fixed.

for a typical investor in the field of taxis in Uganda will face two main issues before they even start the first of their shillings. I explain these issues below.

when I bought my first taxi used by my grandparents, took him to a mechanic for reform in the suburb of Wandegeya. He said he "acquired through" She told me that he was in excellent condition. After one week, and the difference was developed some problems. Next to the crankshaft had a few issues. I eventually came around these issues, but then came the magic story.

Ugandan typical reader might be surprised that I have not raised the issue of business and magic before. Many Ugandans seem to firmly believe that going to a witch doctor and give your past white goats (With no black spot) is going to transform your business to success overnight even if you can not differentiate (no pun intended) between monetary ( It is settled and that should not be used until all expenses) profit (which you can use as dividends) and cash from sales.

So this is the story of magic. I hired my cousin John [not real name for obvious reasons] to work in the first taxi conductor. He said that according to rumors the family "Enchanted," a taxi for the following reasons:

* Day 1. erupted comment.

* Day 3: crankshaft developed further problems.

* Day 5. The differential was shaking again.

* Day 7: taxi knocked someone crossing the road in Ndeeba.

per month (1) that the taxi was in business, I made only SHS 7000! Oh, I used to save the driver in the police station. I'm not one to look at the health of the story of magic, but this brings me to the taxi business and the factors to consider if you are to invest in it.

first and cons (of course)

1. mechanics without morality

There is a possibility that when I took a taxi to renewal, and the mechanic to whom I entrusted presented fix me with a pro-forma invoice for the cut had not been install, obtained second hand or third hand or even that didn`t implement all necessary reforms. How can you verify that they have no knowledge of the complexities of a car, let alone a taxi from the second hand of Bungokho?

Of course, you can get round this problem by instead taking your Toyota Hiace (the dominant model used to operate taxis in Uganda) to a repair shop Toyota Uganda. Of course, do not expect to pay SHS. 7000 reform. They use computerized diagnosis and mechanics use a recording of a bill you system at all hours. Oh, and of course, they use a new and genuine parts forget so crank shaft will use your mechanic Kakooza find you the market Kisekka. According to the website of Toyota Uganda, you can expect to start paying for the service to Toyota Hiace model of SHS. 183.00.

2. difficulty of verifying revenue

unless you drive a taxi yourself or install completely cameras such as buses London buses or National Express in the UK, it is almost impossible to be sure of the number of passengers on any track given in no time. I know a lot, and the employer can circumvent the issue through non-payment of wages driver / conductor and instead calls for a fixed daily / weekly amount of say 6 days a week with Sunday being the "driver today." On the driver's going on in the day that does not pay you at all the proceeds will go to the wards earn a living. This may work to some extent until the driver tells you / connector:

"Mocama WANGE, and walk to work etuletedde bizibu" [My Lord, we were unable to make sufficient money today owing to the "Walk to work" demonstrations].

and then move to the hand that half the agreed-upon fee. How can you verify that the driver of the story?

Oh, there will be many of those stories. The next time it will be that the Uganda Taxi Operators and Drivers Association (UTODA) and fleecing them, they fought back, and then another day. "Search and stop" and resulted in the traffic police operations in the huge delay, followed the next day drivers' strike. Of course it as "the Lord" can not be inhumane and continue to claim a fixed amount can you?

like I've hinted, if you are seriously considering investing in this sector, and perhaps you can find a supplier for in cameras aboard. But for simplicity, and in line with the base in Uganda, I therefore suggest that you stick a potential investor access to the common practice of the agreement with the driver's rate of "contractor" fixed for a particular path. But I would recommend that this rate be verified through corroborating with different drivers from the road and a taxi voyage.

3. starting capital and financing costs

and due to the vehicle being considered to be a key asset in Uganda, it is very common for these investments to be financed through a commercial bank loan or finance leasing companies such as DFCU Leasing Limited. In addition, many car dealers are happy to provide loan financing. You can get a taxi used to decent (complete with stripes and fixed seats) for SHS 17M going research information from autotrader.ug.

now a major issue for the cost of funding. After the recent increase (in November 2011) by the Bank of Uganda from the bank rate to 29%, and I can expect that the commercial banks will increase lending rates to an average of 31%. Bank rate is the rate at which commercial banks can borrow from the central bank's role as lender of last resort. Significant cost of financing and as we shall see later will have a significant impact on the expected return on capital.

4. long period during which more than to achieve profitability and the recovery of private investment

I put far outside the analytical ability of this business to profitability.

estimates have indicate that an investor buying a taxi to foil any one of Kampala and its suburbs ways. I'm using the most common form, a "contractor model." Model is that the driver provides the investor the daily amount agreed fixed L5- six days a week with a day 7TH driver / conductor to earn a living.

In this model, the driver / conductor thus incurring the expenses of every day to the day it is. Fuel daily and monthly fees UTODA and loading fees and fees and fees KCC stage and others. However, the owner of incurring repair and maintenance costs, as well as insurance costs.

a summary of the position of profit:

profits month: SHS 750000 (estimated SHS 30000 per day for 25 days)

repair and maintenance in the month: 183,00 (estimated from the Toyota Uganda information workshop)

finance costs: 439167. (estimated interest rate of 31% on a car 17M estimated rate in November 2011 the Bank of Uganda, the bank rate plus a margin of 2%).

insurance (3rd party): 4167

Monthly net income: 122 767

Annual Profit (A): 14730

cost of capital (1994 Toyota Hiace , used) (b): 17,000,000

return on capital (b / a): 11.54 years!

As can be seen from the above analysis, and forget your money in this sector. You can, of course, now, at this stage if you want to go to visit a witch doctor, who probably will use his bouts so that customers prefer a taxi to all the others, he will also be magic to give my analysis above may return in one month. [Please note that the last statement is made in jest and I would not expect a serious investor to consider witchcraft for business success].

5. saturation of the market and moves related.

There are a lot of taxis in Kampala or almost anywhere else in Uganda. It seems everywhere you turn, there is a taxi so I do not even need to go into the details of this but it is certainly worth noting the trend of the sector. There are also plenty of taxis in Uganda, on the basis of several reports of UTODA, will eventually be played surrounding this industry, and politics several government initiatives in an attempt to de-congest the new and old taxi parks in the city of Kampala center. Instead, the transfer of taxis for those car parks space taxi town like Ndeeba will become a reality. Instead, we may finally see step bus passenger instead of taxis as promised by the former mayor Nasser "Sia" Sebagala.

and now PROS

1. fair return on capital, assuming a lack of funding.

The main advantage of this sector, thus the investor who is going to invest without incurring borrowing costs. I set out below the expected return on capital without the cost of funding:

profits month: SHS 750000 (estimated SHS 30000 per day for 25 days)

reform and monthly maintenance: SHS 183, 00 (estimated information workshop Toyota Uganda)

insurance (3rd party): 4167

monthly net profit: 561 933

annual profit: 6,743,0

cost of capital (1994 Toyota Hiace, used): 17,000,000

return on capital: 2.52 years

as can be seen from above, and the return on capital without the cost of funding decreases to 2.52 years of an 11-year cumbersome in the first analysis.

2. Security for more funding

assuming you have not borrowed to buy a taxi assets then the other advantage is that in Uganda, preferably compounds to use as collateral to borrow because of the fluidity of the used car market.

3. One of alternative uses

and take advantage of taxis and of course is that you can use it for one-time uses such as private charters or for example for the private use of the advantage to the investor, for example. Take the kids to school, or for funerals. Gay in Uganda who have been recruited in 05 the courage to take a taxi in a test drive at night before going to visit this "Mzungu" Girl I wanted to impress.

I think the magic of John already at work because when I returned from a visit to the girl, and I crashed into the wall of the neighbors also tried to reverse a taxi so as to make a tight turn in the door of the house. I insisted it was magic at work, and, of course, is not the fact that I did not have any experience at all in driving long!

summarize the final word

First, the numbers.

and on the basis of my analysis:

* Capital investment (A): SHS 17,000,000

* Revenue per year: 000000

* profit annually (revenue excluding all expenses and interest) (B) are SHS 14730

* return on capital (years to get capital back) (a / B) is 11.54 years.

* but if you do not incur financing costs are estimated in this period back to 2.54 years.

Now the basics you must get right before investing:

* Research the contractor a fair rate. As the preferred model in Uganda to hire a taxi to the driver / conductor, it is worth spending some time talking to various drivers and maybe even UTODA to put a fair price for your route and ensure you get the agreed price without any "Mocama WANGE" stories.

* Consideration of the cheapest financing options. Often ignore the advantage of assembling and says money from family members and friends. This can provide equity financing (credit interest free) instead of commercial bank loans paralyzed.

* mechanic decent and trustworthy is a must. good luck!

final word

, in principle, I am worried about business models where you are unable to understand or verify the complexities of revenue recognition and are difficult to verify the costs for the establishment of effective and that on this basis, to me this would to be "No, no" sector.

but has a key advantage of the simplicity of revenue stream and perhaps this is why this has led to more investment in this sector, including [financially] illiterate.

If you are thus drawn to the simplicity of this type of investment as well as a feature that the car is the security for further borrowing then by all means invest in it, and then all you have to make sure that you do not hear tales of Kakooza of "differential vibrate. "

background

I was always afraid of cows (called "Walter" in the local language), especially during milking. When they grow up, I watched from afar while Aleppo grandfather. I can not trust the cow does not get angry (the mammary glands have touched) and provide a good kick aimed at the gonads!

from the nutritional point of view (for those readers who do not know, such as foreign and Mars), the milk needed for growth of basic food items along the way from childhood to adult hood, and provide the necessary protein and calcium to the body.

in Uganda, a large number of households consume milk processor sold in the retail price of SHS. 1400 shillings per liter compared with the manufacturer's milk which is sold in the SHS. 00 liters shillings

Why invest in dairy farming in Uganda. ?

in Uganda milk and dairy products, mostly earned from cattle and a small percentage of goats and sheep. Areas of Mbarara, Moroto, Bushenyi, Kotido, Masaka, Mbale, Kabarole, Mukono, Ntungamo, Kamuli and dominate the production in this sector.

The herds of cattle in Uganda is estimated according to the census of 08 cattle to be the last 11.4m. It is estimated that the local strains account for about 84% while representing exotic breeds and expressed his balance. It is also estimated that Uganda currently produces 1- 1.5 billion liters of milk annually, which is 30% consumption on the farm (or family) and sold 70%.

Although the local market is a key market for dairy products and milk, and are exported some of the milk processed and value-added dairy products to regional markets such as Kenya, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan and Tanzania.

Where are the investment opportunities in the diary sector in Uganda?

Given that Uganda's population will continue to grow by more than 3% per year, as well as get richer (with people below the poverty line limit) there are special opportunities in the distribution and processing of milk. In particular, include windows opportunity that I notice for the dairy sector as follows:

1. investment in milk collection centers
2. investment in the milk supply tanks
3. investment in pasteurized milk distribution system packaged
4. upgrade from official bodies in the dairy mini
5. upgrade from dairy factories located
6. investment in the integrated / Business Agriculture dairy processing
7. investment cleaning tanker transport facility.

Even with the above in mind, how do you try to make money ( "sente" in the local language) from cows ( "ENTE")?

for the first time sees

(1). Bottlenecks marketing

one of the most important problems facing dairy farmers in Uganda have been recognized as that of the marketing of their milk.

due to poor access to markets (for example, due to poor road conditions and the lack of information on market prices).

solution for the farmer "advanced thinking" would be to enter into a partnership with the regional cooperatives in the supply of milk because they already transport and infrastructure well-established systems.

There is also the option to get in touch with the milk processors and large-scale provided. The downside is that their prices are often lower than retail prices, but the upside is the content of the market for your product.

(2). Low animal productivity

in Uganda, and dairy farmers are small-scale farmers to a great extent. Production of many household consumption and offer only available on the market surplus. More than rely on a herd of traditional indigenous people, known to be very low productivity. In addition, they rely mainly on natural green pastures to feed without any dietary supplements

to think about advanced farms, it would be wise to use an improved local dairy and exotic breeds that are known to produce large amounts of milk at the same time the implementation of the zero grazing while offering supplementary feed to promote animal feed.

also recommend planting elephant (Napier) grass before the establishment of the farm about 3 months.

(3). The availability of funding

Traditionally, the agriculture sector has been viewed as high risk, therefore there are financing options are limited, says of the venture capital and private equity firms (some of them specifically not lend sector).

However, there are about a growing number of regional and international commercial banks, including development banks that provide long-term funding for projects viable in this sector.

I would recommend that in order for the farmer to have the highest chances of getting loans, and keep farm produce records, showing that they have no cases of high low milk production (which is one of the factors that makes it high risk sector to lend) .

Another option is to get the membership of a cooperative group or something like that where they can get a loan through schemes SACCO. Donors and other relief projects for agriculture also often prefer to lend to cooperatives and farmers' groups similar.

interest rates on loans to commercial banks in April 2013 prices averaged about 25%, while SACCOs seem to provide the amount in the range of 10%.

THE PROS

(1). High demand for milk in the local and export markets alike

reliable data on the consumption of milk in Uganda, there is still a severe shortage. However, there are strong indications to show that the dairy products market is growing fast and steady rate. An estimated milk production growth rate of more than 8% per annum. On the other hand there is the supply of ink on paper for a coffee in the export market with the leader in the field of manufacturing and distribution companies are not able to fulfill their own supply markets. The largest milk processor, Sameer Agricultural Livestock Ltd (SALL), for example, claims that in the 17-nation markets, but constrained by low supply in these countries service.

The "advanced thinking" Farms has the opportunity to enter into a partnership with the milk processors to produce them. However you will need to make sure that it has the systems in place to comply with strict requirements for quality control of these processors.

(2). Food and wealth security

There are a large number of households in Uganda own cow (although many of the indigenous breeds) and the simple reason is that each of milk cows and negotiable too, in the event of financial distress, they provide food Security (milk for the family) and can be easily sold, especially the rare desired extremely breeds.

Oh and let's not forget (at risk the wrath of feminists) that these cows are very important part of the dowry source (or "bride price") in Uganda .

(3). ROI

financial forecasting model, and I have developed. I estimate the return on investment (ROI) for this sector as follows:

· startup capital (A): Shs.44, 27300

· Profitability (b): SHS. 10589863

· return on capital (A / B): 4.18 years

Now the basics you must get right before investment in this sector.

1. feed. In addition to dietary supplements, herb plant elephant in advance. This ensures that the cows are fed adequately. The production of breast milk, and is directly related.
2. buy cows. I suggest you buy pregnant cows. My research shows you can get them cheaper than those who are not pregnant. You thereby doubling your equity quickly. Purchase, be sure to choose strains (perhaps through strains) that fit the local area (climate and disease resistance);
3. Technical Support Visit a typical farm practice good farm management to improve your knowledge;
4. records. Keep farm records to make sure you can be evaluated daily milk crops as well as evaluating the quality of milk you have. This will be particularly necessary as you expand and we say we want to supply a wider range of milk processors. And
5. water. Make sure you have enough water in the nearby . Cows drink plenty of water, and therefore need either a tank or as you advance, build a well for water supply.

final word

I still fear kicked by a cow which exude so, I still say, "No thank you, sir, I'll stick to hiring a shepherd from the village a friend in Nyakahita, Mbarara. "

lighter humor aside, dairy production has the potential to be a lucrative business opportunity for farmers in Uganda. There is always room for growth, both for the farmers startup as well as more established players.

There are many banks, both national and foreign banks in our country. However, to get jobs in some of the good bank is required of all young people is one of our country. Axis Bank is one of the famous in our country and has its branches in many parts of the country's banks. According to the vacancies, the Bank is conducting recruitment exams to determine the most qualified candidate for the different functions.

how to download the model question papers?

There are many sites where the sample papers of recruiting former held can be downloaded. Download is very easy and does not take a lot of time. It is always wise to download solved papers so you do not spend a lot of time in finding possible solutions.

how to set up?

Once the sample is loaded issue of securities it would not be difficult to proceed with the preparation. Since the answers already exist, only minutes until the brush is juts required. The proper analysis of each section carefully also help to determine and identify the strengths and weaknesses. This in turn will certainly be a big step to prepare a study to employ.

how to apply for jobs Employment bank?

There are many websites that give detailed news of the functions of recruitment Bank. You can look at these sites to keep track of the time in which the banks are offering jobs to be. The same thing applies to the bank's axis as well. By reference to the bank site, and can be applied to functions of. The joint declaration and the exact procedure for the application are available at these sites as well.

If these steps are followed carefully one can certainly be successful to pass the recruitment examination of the bank axis.