Poverty Alleviation: The objective of Islamic economics treats

Poverty Alleviation: The objective of Islamic economics treats

poverty as weapons of mass destruction (WMD) from the modern world. Eliminate it holds a very important. Economic systems like capitalism and communism has made a number of instruments to alleviate poverty in the world. However, these extreme to meet the need of people failed ideologies. No private property, the policy of laissez-faire capitalism and class war and dialectical materialism, state ownership of property of communism do not touch the real cause of poverty. This situation requires the possibilities of Islamic economics seeks to alleviate poverty. The aim is to alleviate poverty can not be achieved, the Islamic economic system through the reduction of inequality. It never means to achieve equality, but equity and justice in the distribution of income and wealth. Islam eliminates the absolute lack of equality that arise from inequality in income distribution, but the relative disparity comes out of the equitable distribution of income and wealth.

has given

first part of this article is a small introduction to both conventional and Islamic economics economy. After that presents a picture of the poverty of the current world and the Islamic perspective of poverty. Then Islamic economics tools for poverty alleviation such as zakat, alms, loan-Hassan, ganima and five fay, tribute and speculative participation, and the prohibition of interest, and the abolition of extravaganza, banning speculation and hoarding have been mentioned in a short period. Islamic been handling the impact of economic instruments on the marginal propensity to consume, multiplier, and investment with the price and production.

books and articles that I have referred to this article Islamic Economics Dr. Dr.Sabahuddin Azmi, economic and job SM Hassan Osman in a Muslim country (the first test), toward the understanding of the economic system in Islam by Dr. P Abraham and an introduction to the economic system through Moulavi.MVSaleem.

Introduction

no one can undermine the importance of the economy, which is the social science that studies the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. This same importance and the economy resulted in the emergence of different economic systems in the world, and all those economic systems claim that they will bring economic well-being. Those dominance and the failure of senior economic system to achieve economic justice and prosperity, and radiation of inequality and poverty make it necessary alternative economic system which can successfully make free of famine and poverty in the free world.

definition of the economy

Social scientists have developed various definitions of the economy. Definition of scarcity Lionel Robinson's economy is the most acceptable among them. According to Robinson, "The economy is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses." This definition is based on two points which are scarcity of resources and needs endless. But in fact the previous command is a myth. The survey, conducted by UNO shows that enough resources 000000000 people on the ground for only 00000000 we have people on earth now reside. The last point "never-ending needs is also incorrect about the desire and greed of man is limited but the need is to count and control.

definition of Islamic economics

as a system of life has not left Islam any area of human life without guidance. whether spiritual, individual and social, economic or political Islam gives clear guidelines parameters. by looking at guiding economic principles of Islamic sources, put the Islamic economy a large number of definitions. based derivation of all Islamic economics is defined directives issued in the primary sources of Islamic law which is the Koran and the hadith.

According to Yusuf Ibrahim, Professor of Islamic Economics at Qatar University, "Islamic Economics is the science of studying directing human behavior towards the use of resources to meet the needs." this is based on the definition on the following facts.

1. sufficient resources to meet needs.

2. but we must protect the resources of waste and improper use.

should be controlled

3. human behavior towards resources by divine commands .

4. Only legal needs, needs that build life on earth, you should be satisfied.

5. needs of illegal (desires), which destroy life on Earth, it should not be satisfied. They do not expire, it was not convincing.

built

Islamic economic system, standard economic system, some basic Islamic philosophies. According to the teachings of the Koran real property and absolute wealth belongs to the creator himself, and God Almighty. Koran, "says Allah belongs everything in heaven and on earth" (2: 284) is .Role man as a trustee who is to manage the trust, ie wealth according to the directives of the true owner. Allah. Quran clearly states "and spend it where you make hath trustees" (57: 7). So was awarded man of

conditioned and limited ownership.

other Islamic philosophy is universal brotherhood, equality between men and their creator is one and parents are the same. Thus discrimination on the basis of color, caste, creed, races do not suffer at any cost. This concept is pushing people to cooperate and participate in all their efforts instead of cheating, exploiting and making fraud each other. Another aspect of Islamic philosophy is the belief in the day of resurrection after death. In life after the death of a man he is accountable for his actions on the ground. The implications of this faith is that economic choices one makes in the world are to be judged according to the standards put God constantly.

This is a revolutionary points which differentiate Islamic economics from the liberal, capitalist, imperialist, power, and system usurious economic and communism, class war, the state economic system of dictatorship . Islam builds a world only to the spirit of the eternal divine concepts.
poverty

evil of any economy is poverty. The presence of begging hands in the economy that pulls the economy in decades back. Poverty amid plenty is the challenge faced by the modern world. The impact of poverty can not only shorten the famine, but the poor, regardless of hunger and suffering limited income which leads to a lack of access to good education it is difficult to disable them for careers that require several years of education. Lack of nutritious food results in more child morality among disadvantaged sectors. Since limited access to information and knowledge prevented them from market opportunities.

each country and international organizations such as the WTO, World Bank and Asian Development Bank to work hard to build nations and the world on the foots of self-sufficiency in a row. It described the mission of the World Bank in reducing global poverty and improve living standards. The General Council of the United Nations announced on October 17, the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty. This shows how seriously they took poverty as a problem

, but, asks that out of the 6.1 billion world population of more than 1 billion are finding their livelihoods in less than $ 1 a day and nearly three billion pounds on less than $ 2 per day. It may be provoked that 74% of the total income of the world and will be attended by 20% of the elite class in the world. It is gratifying to you that there are national states less $ 800 and morality income without five children one year of age is about 26%. It is of concern that 110 million children of primary school age are out of school and 60 percent of whom are girls.
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economy, poverty and Islamic

below the poverty line (BPL) reforms in the Islamic economy system on the basis of ownership of a quorum, which somewhat makes one eligible to pay zakat to those of wealth or a quorum is responsible for the payment of zakat. This wealth is less than a quorum of receiving Zakat and they are treated as poor. Thus, in the Islamic economy, the size of deprived come under BPL be great. Hunger and lack of access to food, shelter, clothing and education can not suffer in Islamic economics, which aims human Falah, any human well-being. It does not support any economic instrument that leads to the denial of man. Since the emergence of poverty in the economy due to various reasons erase it out of these reasons it is important in the first place.

limited income, unequal distribution of income and wealth, and a poor distribution of resources and regional unemployment and social injustice and inequality, decreased investments ... etc are some of the obstacles in the way of achieving self-sufficiency and better. Islam is considered to meet the basic needs of each member of the community economic and moral duty as well as religious ruler. List of commodities ranging from traditional food, clothing and shelter for seasonal clothing, accompanied Profile of a disabled person, and spending to marry the poor and spending on the whole poor family, which has stepped up by scientists from time to time, and is likely to extend the list time to time to the welfare of the citizen. Islamic economic system offers a range of tools divinely guided, which put an end to poverty and build
poverty less world.

Islamic economic instruments to eradicate poverty

advised Muslim citizens in an Islamic province, as part of the belief, and practice some of the things in their lives, some of the mandatory nature and the rest are voluntary in nature. The exercise of these leaves and broad economic effects Apart from the reward of God. Citizens also non-Muslims to make some mandatory payments, which have economic implications, as part of their citizenship in an Islamic country. Obligations and agreements are subject to mandatory citizens by the Islamic state and the violation of any part of an Islamic state will not suffer. In addition to these functions there are other things the Islamic state has to carry out similar to any nation not for the welfare of the citizens. Both have recommended the positive and negative measures in Islam to erase the cause of poverty.

positive measures

There are many Islamic court orders and for the performance of some of the things that have a significant impact on economic justice, prosperity and growth. He briefed below important among them the divine commands and their impact on the economy.

Zakat

Zakat is an annual commitment from wealthy Muslims to poor and do not have a share of the property and wealth of the rich. Koran commends "establish worship and pay the poor due to him (zakat) and obey the Messenger." Technically we can call it spiritual tax. Imposed on those forms of wealth that have the potential to grow in value, producing more than that, it is having custody of a full year and have exceed a certain minimum value called "spotter." Qur'an has mentioned eight specific heads for the distribution of zakat.
due to the divine spirit of the performance of Zakat evasion fewer opportunities. The imposition of zakat on wealth inactivity urges owners of labor productive and profitable wealth inactivity which increases the wealth of the economy on the other's share of the Zakat and again.

grants

charity is one of the voluntary economic instrument. There is no limit eligibility criteria for the performance of the contributions to the needy. It can be converted, apart from the eight heads mentioned for the distribution of zakat, to any needy. It will strengthen the economic effects appeared Zakat.

loan Hassan

an arrangement that interest-free loans for unproductive purposes or for the needy to cover expenses such as hospital expenses, home expenses and education expenses and others that are not making any profits. So it is not able to charge any material benefit, such as a share of the profits, the good qurd. This provision as part of kindness to humans. Individuals in Islamic economics and Islamic institutions such as banks, this type of loan will provide expects the reward of God. Hassan availability of the loan reduces the financial burdens such as interest, from the disadvantaged.

Profit and loss sharing

Islam formulates the sharing of profit and loss as a tool of commercial contracts instesd of interest. The motivation behind this is cooperation between people. In profit sharing, and there are different types of financing, such as speculation (profit and loss sharing) and participation (participation) ... etc.
speculation is an agreement between the owner of capital and the entrepreneur to share the profits arising from the business in the capital case of loss of the owner of capital reduces the owner The project time and effort to loose. Post instruments is an agreement for the sharing of profit and loss, where all shareholders involved in business administration. Both speculative and participation helps people, who have inadequate capital, to engage in work and production and contribute its share to the welfare state and win for their country.

Ganima (war booty), five (five) and Phi

Ganima is the king of the Muslim takeover of the enemy. Divided four five ganima fighting between the army and five (five) of this step ganima fully fund the state, which has allocated a special beneficiaries mentioned in the Koran. Fi are the property receive from the enemy without actual fighting. Generalized this source of state revenue for the common good of all people and public welfare.

abscess (ground-tax)

land tax, a source of income to the state, is a tax imposed on all products Earth. This is actually a lease for use of agricultural land value. Abscess can rate the definition and method of collection by the state from time to time where there is not the direction of the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet in this regard.

jizya (poll tax)

jizya (poll tax) imposed on non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic country to secure their property and possessions and lives from being damaged. It helps them to contribute their skills and talent, health, wealth and property for the prosperity of the country

waqf (endowment)

Waqf (Endowment) is a regular source of income that has been allocated and dedicated fund for a Muslim to support charitable and caring activities
state ownership of the land is cultivated:
any economic instrument that hinders productivity harmful economies thriving. According to Islamic law, if they remained uncultivated land three consecutive years lead to the transition from ownership of the land from the current owner to the other who is willing to cultivate the land, and production. The Prophet (s) said, "the original land ownership and the rights of God and the prophets, and then you after that. But who gives life to dead land acquires any property right to it." Another institution, Yekta, promote blood circulation and tax revenue for the state by transferring land uncultivated / dead person in exchange ushr or khraj.

joint ownership of natural resources:

limited individual ownership of natural resources such as fire, water, pasture and salt by Islamic law. People may have combined in the ownership of the natural resources that should be accessible to anyone. This rule allows anyone to use the benefit derived natural goods and ensure that no one away from the natural goods that are easily obtained without any hard work .. Natural Products List, in addition to the mentioned goods, which can be extended to more goods from the time to time. The Prophet (s) said, "People are joint owners in the water, pasture and fire."
There are other sources of revenue, such as the property of the deceased with no legal heir, look with no additional claimants and tax systems.

negative measures

There are some prohibitions of God, which has an impact on the booming economy and the welfare of all the men of the country.
prohibition of interest
interest, in whatever form, has contemned Allah and His Messenger. Quran says, "Allah has permitted sale and hath prohibited riba" (interest). Islam does not support the interest but profit and loss. Must all financial transactions of Islamic economics are free of interest. But the lack of interest in the Islamic economy does not create any obstacle to achieve prosperity, but prosperity to flourish.

ban on instruments of speculation

tools that do not have any advantage to the real economy, such as futures and options are not permitted in Islamic economy. Stock market tools such as the trading day, and prohibits the peripheral circulation, either. The absence of these instruments in the economy reduces speculation which is damage to the entire economy.
effects

implementation of the guidelines of Sharia discussed above in the command economy to the number of positive fruits that make it free from any form of poverty state.
increase the redistribution of income and wealth will result in, when people perform religious duties such as Zakat, donations and endowment and inheritance, fithr Zakat and kaffarath etc ... and lead to wealth and the flow of money from the rich to the poor. Thus, the concentration and the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few people come down. The poor and needy spend approximately eighty percent of its profits to meet their basic needs. Economically marginal propensity among consumers (MPC) of the poor is greater than the middle and high class. A large part of everything that comes in handy of poor will flow into the economy for the consumption of the commodity; that leads to more demand for primary commodities and then leads to increased production of basic goods. It is difficult to restrict consumption and production completely fine by the law and force. But increasing the redistribution of wealth and income increase demand for commodities and the decline in demand for luxury goods rate. Automatically reduces the use of resources for the production of luxuries. As a result, the use of natural resources for the production of commodities and in favor of the public interest
This redistribution of increased wealth to the poor to enable them to get access to quality education, nutritious food. Increase the knowledge and skills to help the poor to get good jobs and earn. This raises the whole family is poor and rely on the highlands. On the other hand, increasing the income of more than a certain limit make them capable of performing Zakat and other donations in order to take advantage of the have-nots. Rise in helping redistribution to reduce the gap between the haves and the have-nots and to achieve economic justice for all citizens.

increase the monetary policy committee of the poor in the redistribution of income results distribution in more multiplier effect in the economy, which feeds more income to the total income of the economy and that help section of the poor people to raise per capita income and standard of living.

According to Professor Keynes, investment depends on two variables that are rare interest stream and marginal efficiency of capital or the expected profit rate. The investment can only be done if the expected rate of profit exceeds the interest. Due to the lack of interest in the Islamic economy, it will not only lead to the size of the expected rate of profit of the profit may be specified for investment.

speculative money and liquidity defended the theory of money will not have a place in the economy, interest-free, which reduces the investment. But there is only the expected rate of profit will result in investments, even in the low expected rate of profit to increase the rate of value in terms of principle and to avoid major deterioration through zakat. Increased investment raises output and employment, wages and gross national income for the economy. Wealth flowing to the poor and raises the economic situation.

Fisher quantity theory which states that the amount of money affects the price and value of money. Which means that the increase in the money supply will increase in the relative prices in the economy, but the output will not increase. But in the case of money Islamic economics should not be provided without an increase in production. Banking and commercial central banks in the Islamic state to increase the money supply through the work of investment on the basis of participation in the profit and loss contracts.

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